The Future Perfect
Learn to talk about what will already be finished by a point in the future — with examples about our changing world.
What the future perfect does
The future perfect talks about an action that will be completed before a certain point in the future. It looks forward to a moment, then looks back from there — as if standing in the future and saying “by then, this will already be done.”
ما وظيفة زمن المستقبل التام (Future Perfect)؟
يتحدث زمن المستقبل التام عن فعل سيكون قد اكتمل قبل نقطة معينة في المستقبل. إنه ينظر إلى الأمام نحو لحظة معينة، ثم ينظر إلى الوراء من تلك اللحظة — كأنك تقف في المستقبل وتقول “بحلول ذلك الوقت، سيكون هذا قد تم بالفعل.”
The formula
subject + won’t have + past participle
By 2030, some countries won’t have reduced their emissions enough.
Will + subject + have + past participle?
Will scientists have found a solution by then?
Time markers to recognise
These words and phrases signal that the future perfect is needed — learn to spot them.
By the time you finish school, technology will have changed enormously.
Future perfect vs. simple future
Don’t confuse these two — they answer different questions.
Morocco will build more solar plants.
(a plan for the future, no specific finish point)
By 2030, Morocco will have built several new solar plants.
(completed BEFORE a stated future point)
Real examples about our future
The future perfect is especially useful for talking about long-term goals — exactly the kind of predictions used in sustainable development.
Scientists believe that by 2100, global temperatures will have risen significantly if nothing changes.
By the time today’s children grow up, forests in some regions will have disappeared unless action is taken.
Common mistakes to avoid
❌ By 2030, Morocco will have finish the project. → ✅ Morocco will have finished the project. (past participle, not base form)
❌ Will Morocco have will finished? → ✅ Will Morocco have finished? (only one “will”, at the start)
Your turn — choose the correct form
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1. By 2030, many cities ___ new environmental laws.
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2. Choose the correct sentence.
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3. ___ scientists have found a solution by 2050?
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4. By the time we arrive, the meeting ___ already ___.
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5. Which signals the future perfect?
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6. Choose the correct negative form.
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7. “By 2030, Morocco will have built more solar plants” describes an action ___.
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8. Choose the correct question form.
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9. The future perfect uses which past form of the verb?
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10. By the age of 18, most students ___ their Bac exam.
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11. Choose the sentence with NO future deadline (so NOT future perfect).
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12. “By then” in a sentence signals ___.
Complete each sentence with the correct future perfect form:
- By 2035, scientists ___ (develop) new ways to produce clean energy.
- By the time she turns 30, she ___ (finish) university and started her career.
- ___ (the world / reduce) plastic pollution by 2050?
- If nothing changes, many species ___ (disappear) by the end of the century.
- By next year, our school ___ (install) solar panels on the roof.
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