2 Year Bac (الثانية باكالوريا) Lessons August 1, 2026

Linking Words — 2 Bac Grammar Review

My Teacher August 1, 2026
2nd Year Bac · Unit 8 · Grammar

Linking Words

Bring together every connector you've learned — addition, contrast, cause, result, and purpose — in one clear reference.

1

Why linking words matter


Linking words join two ideas and show the relationship between them — addition, contrast, cause, result, or purpose. Using the right one makes your writing flow logically and sound far more fluent.


لماذا تُعتبر أدوات الربط مهمة؟
تربط أدوات الربط بين فكرتين وتُظهر العلاقة بينهما — إضافة، تناقض، سبب، نتيجة، أو غرض. استخدام الأداة الصحيحة يجعل كتابتك منطقية ومتماسكة، ويجعلها تبدو أكثر طلاقة بشكل واضح.

2

Addition


Addition connectors
andalsomoreoverfurthermorebesidesin additionnot only … but also …

Example
The organisation provides food aid. Moreover, it offers education programmes for children.

3

Contrast


Contrast connectors
butalthoughthougheven thoughhoweverwhereasdespitein spite of

Example
The UN promotes peace, whereas some conflicts still continue despite its efforts.
Although the organisation is well-funded, it still faces major challenges.

4

Cause


Cause connectors
becausesinceasbecause ofdue toowing to

Example
Many children lack access to school because of poverty.
Since the conflict began, thousands of families have needed humanitarian aid.

5

Result


Result connectors
sothereforeas a resultconsequentlythat’s why

Example
The region suffered a severe drought; as a result, the FAO stepped in to provide support.

6

Purpose


Purpose connectors
toin order toso as toso that

Example
The UN was founded in order to maintain international peace.
NGOs raise funds so that they can help more people.

7

Common mistakes to avoid


⚠️ Watch out
❌ The UN helps countries because of they need support. → ✅ because they need support. (“because of” needs a noun, not a full sentence)

❌ Forgetting the comma after a sentence-starting connector: Therefore we must act. → ✅ Therefore, we must act.

❌ Mixing up cause and result connectors: The drought happened as a result poor rainfall. → ✅ The drought happened because of poor rainfall.


✏️

Your turn — choose the correct linking word

  1. 1. The organisation provides food aid. ___, it runs education programmes.

  2. 2. The UN promotes peace, ___ conflicts still happen.

  3. 3. Many children miss school ___ poverty.

  4. 4. The drought was severe; ___, the FAO offered support.

  5. 5. The UN was founded ___ maintain peace.

  6. 6. Choose the correct sentence.

  7. 7. Which connector shows CONTRAST?

  8. 8. Which connector shows ADDITION?

  9. 9. Choose the correct sentence.

  10. 10. NGOs raise funds ___ they can help more people.

  11. 11. Which shows RESULT?

  12. 12. Choose the correct sentence.

✏️ Your turn ✍️

Fill in each blank with a suitable linking word:

  1. The organisation is well-funded. ___, it still struggles to reach remote areas.
  2. Thousands of refugees need help ___ the ongoing conflict.
  3. The NGO built new schools; ___, more children can now attend classes.
  4. The UN works ___ prevent future wars.
  5. The programme helps farmers, ___ it also supports small businesses.

Watch: Linking Words Explained
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